Klaus and Fanaroff’s Care of the High-Risk Neonate (7th Edition)

DescriptionTrusted by neonatologists for more than 40 years, Klaus and Fanaroff’s Care of the High-Risk Neonate provides unique, authoritative coverage of technological and medical advances in this challenging field, and includes personal and practical editorial comments that are the hallmark of this renowned text. The 7th Edition helps you take advantage of recent advances in the NICU that have improved patient care, outcomes, and quality of life, with new coverage of genetics and imaging, new cases and commentary throughout, new contributors, and much more.Table of ContentsPrefacePatient Safety, Quality, and Evidence-Based MedicineDonabedian’s Triad and The Institute of Medicine’s Six Domains of QualityClinical Microsystems and How to Assess and Monitor The Quality of Care ProvidedWhy is Quality Improvement Important in Neonatal Care?Improving the Quality of CareConclusionsAntenatal and Intrapartum Care of the High-Risk InfantIdentification of the Pregnancy at RiskSelected Disorders of the Maternal–Fetal InterfaceResuscitation and Initial StabilizationFetal Transition to Extrauterine LifePhysical Growth: Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant and the Physical EnvironmentDeterminants of Fetal GrowthIntrauterine Growth RestrictionPattern of Fetal GrowthAntenatal Assessment of Intrauterine GrowthEpidemiology and Etiology of Fetal Growth RestrictionPlacental ContributionsDiminished Potential: Fetal ContributionsIdentification and Management of Growth RestrictionSmall-for-Gestational-age InfantsClinical ProblemsThe Preterm Growth-Restricted InfantGrowth and Long-Term OutcomeLarge for Gestational AgePhysical Examination of the Newborn InfantObservationNutrition and Selected Disorders of the Gastrointestinal TractPart 1: Nutrition for the High-Risk InfantIntroductionFluidElectrolytesEnteral NutritionGrowth In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Influences Neurodevelopmental and Growth OutcomesMethod of FeedingHuman MilkPremature Infant FormulasStandard Infant FormulasSoy FormulaProtein Hydrolysate FormulaFollow-Up FormulaPractical Hints for Enteral NutritionNutritional AssessmentQuestionsPart 2: Selected Disorders of the Gastrointestinal TractDuodenal ObstructionJejunoileal AnomaliesMalrotation/VolvulusMeconium IleusMeckel DiverticulumColonic LesionsAbdominal Wall DefectsInguinal HerniaBlood in StoolSpontaneous Intestinal PerforationSummaryPart 3: Necrotizing EnterocolitisClinical FeaturesGenetics, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, and Newborn ScreeningHistory and Physical ExaminationBirth Defects and Multiple Congenital AnomaliesMetabolic IssuesAbnormal Newborn ScreenHepatosplenomegaly and Hydrops FetalisNeurological PresentationsTeratogensGenetic TestingCare of the ParentsPregnancyLabor and DeliveryEffects of Social and Emotional Support on Maternal BehaviorThe Day of DeliveryCare of the Healthy Term Infant and Parents Following BirthThe Breast CrawlEarly and Extended Contact for Parents and Their InfantThe Sick or Premature InfantCommunicating Medical InformationInterventions for Families of Premature Infants: Family-Centered Care in The NICUCongenital MalformationsStillbirth or Death of A NewbornSummaryDevelopmental Care—Understanding and Applying the ScienceIntroductionDefining Developmental CareThe Evolution of Neonatal Neurodevelopmental CareBrain Development: The Foundation of BehaviorPromoting NeuroprotectionThe Eco-Bio-Developmental FrameworkTrauma-Informed CareThe Importance of Touch and Social ConnectednessBenefits of Loving TouchThe Neonatal Integrative Model of Developmental CareAn Introduction to The Seven Core MeasuresUnderstanding Effects of Room DesignFacilitating Noise Reduction and Promoting Auditory DevelopmentControlling Lighting and Visual DevelopmentProtecting and Promoting Olfaction and GustationEvidenced-Based Therapeutic InterventionsThe High-Risk Neonate and The Role of Neonatal TherapistsInterprofessional CollaborationDemonstrated Impact of “High-Quality Developmental Care Programs”Institutional Implementation of Developmental Neuroprotective CareSystematic Reviews and Developmental CareRecommendations for Future Research and Implications for CliniciansDiscussionRespiratory ProblemsPhysiologic ConsiderationsOxygen DeliveryPractical ConsiderationsNeonatal ProblemsGeneral Clinical ManagementPersistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the NewbornMeconium Aspiration SyndromePneumothoraxTransient Tachypnea of the NewbornPulmonary HemorrhageBronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Neonatal Chronic Lung DiseaseApnea in the Immature InfantAssisted VentilationRespiratory FailureEndotracheal IntubationApplied Pulmonary MechanicsContinuous Positive Airway PressureMechanical VentilationAlternative Modes of Mechanical VentilationCarbon Dioxide EliminationOxygenationVentilator Setting Changes and Gas ExchangeMonitoring The Infant During Mechanical VentilationSpecial CircumstancesHigh-Frequency VentilationComplications of Assisted VentilationExtracorporeal Membrane OxygenationSummaryGlucose, Calcium, and MagnesiumGlucoseMineral Disorders in the NeonateNeonatal HyperbilirubinemiaFormation, Structure, and Properties of BilirubinBilirubin MeasurementNeonatal Bilirubin MetabolismNormal Serum Bilirubin Levels and the Natural History of Neonatal JaundiceDevelopmental JaundiceAn Approach to the Jaundiced InfantPathologic JaundiceOther Causes of Increased Bilirubin Production or Load on the LiverBilirubin ToxicityClinical ManagementTreatmentPhototherapyExchange TransfusionPharmacologic TreatmentInfections in the NeonateIntroductionBacteria and FungiVirusesThe HeartPhysiology and PathophysiologyPhysical ExaminationImaging in the Neonatal Intensive Care UnitDiagnostic Groups of Congenital Heart DiseaseArrhythmias in the NeonateThe KidneyAnatomic DevelopmentPhysiological DevelopmentRenal Blood FlowGlomerular Filtration RateFluid DistributionSodium HandlingPlasma Osmolarity and Free Water HandlingAcid–Base BalanceCalcium And Phosphorus BalanceEvaluationHistoryPhysical ExaminationUrinalysisLaboratory EvaluationRadiologic EvaluationSpecific ProblemsProteinuriaAcute Kidney InjuryHypertensionNephrocalcinosisRenovascular ThrombosisCongenital Kidney DiseaseHydronephrosisHematologic ProblemsRed Blood CellsAnemiaPolycythemiaErythrocyte Transfusion in The Fetus and NewbornWhite Blood CellsNeutrophil DiseasesEosinophiliaChronic Granulomatous DiseaseNeonatal Immune Deficiencies of Lymphocyte Lineage (T Cell, B Cell, Natural Killer Cell)Neonatal ThrombocytopeniaCoagulation System in The NeonateBleeding in Neonates with Normal Platelet CountsThrombosisNeonatal Brain DisordersBrain Development in the Fetus and the NewbornNeurological Examination of the Preterm and Term Born InfantBrain Injury in the Preterm InfantNeonatal Encephalopathy and Brain Injury in the Term InfantNeurological Investigations in Term Neonatal EncephalopathyNeurodevelopmental Correlates of Neuroimaging PatternsHypothermia and Patterns of Brain InjuryNeonatal SeizuresHypotonia in the Term Infant—Neuromuscular DisordersNeonatal ImagingImaging ModalitiesChestAbdomenUrinary TractFuture DirectionsKey PointsThe Outcome of Neonatal Intensive CareImportance of Follow-Up for High-Risk InfantsMinor Transient ProblemsTransient Neurologic AbnormalityPersistent Neurologic SequelaePhysical Sequelae and Chronic DiseasePhysical GrowthFollow-Up—Who, What, How, and WhenTiming of Follow-Up VisitsNeurosensory and Developmental AssessmentEarly InterventionPoints to RememberEarly Childhood OutcomesSchool-Age OutcomesYoung Adult OutcomesEthical IssuesWhat/Who Defines the Limits of Viability, and Must All These Infants Born at the Limits of Viability be Resuscitated?What Delivery Options Should be Offered to the Woman? Should She be Offered Prenatal Steroids? Should She be Offered A Monitored Delivery? is itAppropriate to Offer A Cesarean Section for A Fetal Indication?Who should Make Decisions Regarding Forgoing Resuscitation or Treatment of an Infant in the Periviable Period? What Ethical Principles Can be Applied?Appendix A.1. Drugs Used for Emergency and Cardiac Indications in NewbornsAppendix A.2. Drug Dosing TableAppendix B. Drug Compatibility TableAppendix C. Normal ValuesAppendix D. Selected Procedures in NeonatologyAppendix E. Conversion ChartsIndexAuthor BiographyAvroy FanaroffAffiliations and Expertise Emeritus Professor, Pediatrics and Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Emeritus Eliza Henry Barnes Chair in Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OhioJonathan FanaroffJonathan M. Fanaroff, MD, JD, FAAP, Division of Neonatology, Co-Director of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Director of the Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics at University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital; Associate Professor, Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.Affiliations and Expertise Division of Neonatology, Co-Director of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Director of the Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics at University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital; Associate Professor, Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.